Anaphylaxis: allergy warning signs requiring action

Recognising the emergency

Anaphylaxis can begin within minutes of exposure to food, medicine or an insect sting. Warning signs include tongue or throat swelling, a suddenly hoarse voice, difficulty swallowing, wheezing, breathing difficulty, dizziness or collapse. An itchy, raised rash may occur, but its absence does not exclude a serious reaction. Colour changes can be harder to recognise on darker skin, so also watch breathing and alertness.

Act immediately

Call local emergency services and say you suspect anaphylaxis. If the person has a prescribed adrenaline auto-injector, use it promptly according to their emergency plan and device instructions. Antihistamines do not replace adrenaline or ambulance care. Help the person lie down and do not let them stand or walk. If breathing is difficult, raising the shoulders or sitting up slowly may help. A pregnant person should lie on their left side.

After calling

Stay with the person and follow the emergency dispatcher's instructions. If they become unresponsive and are not breathing normally, begin resuscitation as directed and according to your training. Hospital assessment remains necessary even if symptoms improve, because reactions can return. Afterwards, discuss triggers, a written emergency plan and injector training with the treating team.

Safety note

This is general educational information, not a diagnosis or an individual treatment plan, and it does not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional. Needs vary; seek urgent care for warning signs rather than delaying for online advice.